African Science: The Scholar Who Drank Untreated Water

The Power of Indigenous Knowledge in Wetland Conservation

In the heart of Matobo, nestled between the villages of Gabheni and Inqama, lies a stunning vlei surrounded by lush vegetation. This picturesque wetland is not only a visual treat but also a critical source of water that flows into the Mtshabezi River, eventually reaching the Mtshabezi Dam — a vital water supply for Bulawayo. On a windswept June morning, a group of legislators and environmentalists embarked on a fact-finding mission ahead of COP15, captivated by the natural beauty and eager to learn from local expert Tafadzwa Tichagwa.

Tichagwa, a researcher and tour guide, explained how the water originates from a granite rock, creating a pool that serves as a lifeline for the surrounding ecosystem. However, he cautioned against drinking the water, citing recent incidents where cattle had died after consuming it during dry seasons. He also warned about potential contamination from nearby farming activities.

Despite Tichagwa’s warnings, an academic from the group took a bold step, scooping up some water and taking a sip. This act sparked a conversation about the value of observing nature and understanding its signals. Solomon Mungure, an environmental researcher and conservation expert, emphasized the importance of interpreting natural signs. He pointed out that healthy vegetation and thriving aquatic life are strong indicators of water purity, as these organisms would not survive in polluted conditions.

Mungure highlighted a growing disconnect between modern scientific methods and traditional knowledge systems. While laboratory tests are often seen as the gold standard, he argued that indigenous practices have long been effective in managing the environment. His actions underscored the need to integrate both approaches for a more holistic understanding of ecological systems.

At Chinhoyi University of Technology, research is ongoing to evaluate water quality through the observation of micro-invertebrates and diatoms. Senior lecturer Tongayi Mwedzi discussed the significance of this work, particularly in incorporating local science into wetland preservation efforts. By studying organisms like diatoms, known locally as mazerere, researchers aim to gain insights into the health of wetlands and their ecosystems.

Despite these efforts, African science has often been sidelined in wetland management strategies, leading to severe consequences. In December 2022, four rhinos died at Lake Chivero Recreational Park due to water contamination caused by cyanobacteria. This incident, which also affected numerous fish, zebras, and livestock, highlighted the urgent need for better management of wetlands.

Chipinge-based researcher Phillip Kusasa stressed the importance of reviving indigenous knowledge systems. He believes that local wisdom can offer sustainable solutions that align with the needs of communities. Historical evidence shows that ancient environmental beliefs, rooted in myths and taboos, have long served as effective conservation mechanisms. These systems integrate ecological knowledge with social and cultural dimensions, providing a comprehensive approach to wetland management.

As Zimbabwe hosts over 172 countries at the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands COP15 in Victoria Falls, there is a growing call to revisit and incorporate indigenous wisdom into wetland conservation. A national mapping survey conducted in 2021 revealed that only 17.63% of recorded wetlands remain pristine, with over half moderately degraded and 26.72% severely damaged.

In Matobo, as stakeholders question the validity of traditional knowledge, African science is fading, leaving biodiversity vulnerable to human encroachment. For Mungure, a revival of local knowledge, combined with scientific research, is essential for effective ecological conservation. He emphasized that society must value and apply ancient environmental knowledge to avoid costly water purification efforts and ensure sustainable management of natural resources.

The integration of indigenous wisdom with modern science offers a promising path forward, one that respects the past while addressing the challenges of the present. By embracing both approaches, Zimbabwe can safeguard its wetlands and preserve the delicate balance of its ecosystems for future generations.