Mobile Tech and Landlines

The Decline of Fixed Telephone Lines in Nigeria

Fixed telephone lines are no longer a priority for many Nigerians, as mobile telephony has taken center stage. The once-popular fixed-line services have seen a decline in interest, with fewer people excited about installing them in their homes or offices. This shift is largely due to the convenience and flexibility offered by mobile phones, which have become an essential part of daily life.

The Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) has acknowledged this trend, stating that fixed-line telephones are no longer fashionable globally. According to Dr. Aminu Maida, the NCC's Chief Executive, the focus on mobile telephony has led to a decrease in the appeal of traditional landlines. Despite some complaints about service quality and data depletion, mobile users remain enthusiastic about their connectivity options.

The Evolution of Telecommunications in Nigeria

Before the introduction of digital mobile licenses in 2001, the telecommunications landscape in Nigeria was dominated by Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (NITEL), which provided less than 500,000 lines to a population of over 100 million. This lack of access prompted the licensing of Globacom Limited in 2003 as the Second National Operator (SNO). While Globacom has excelled as a mobile operator, its presence in fixed telephony remains minimal.

The concept of SNO has since evolved, with the NCC opening up the sector through the Unified Access Services Licence (UASL). This license allows operators to offer a wide range of services, including mobile, fixed, and internet services. However, despite these changes, fixed-line services continue to struggle with low demand.

Challenges and Opportunities in Fixed-Line Connectivity

Despite the declining interest in fixed-line services, there are still efforts to improve connectivity. The Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy, in collaboration with the World Bank, has launched the 90,000 fibre optic ring initiative. This project aims to enhance rural connectivity and address the slow progress of Infrastructure Companies (Infracos) tasked with expanding broadband services to underserved areas.

Infracos such as MainOne Cable, IHS, Zinox Technology, and Brinks Solutions have been licensed to deploy fiber optic infrastructure across different regions of Nigeria. However, the pace of implementation has been slower than expected, hindering the expansion of broadband connectivity as outlined in the National Broadband Plan (2020-2025).

Regulatory Reforms and Consumer Empowerment

The NCC has introduced several reforms to improve transparency and accountability in the telecom sector. One significant initiative is the Quality of Experience (QoE) portal, set to launch in September. This tool will allow users to check mobile network performance based on their location, enabling them to choose the best operator in their area.

Additionally, the NCC is implementing a three-part reform strategy, including a cybersecurity framework to protect users from digital threats. By September 2025, operators will be required to meet specific security standards to ensure robust network protection.

A strong Corporate Governance Code will also be enforced, mandating licensed operators to adopt best practices in accountability and transparency. Noncompliance could result in penalties, license suspensions, or management changes, ensuring greater oversight in the industry.

Addressing the Rising Cost of Data

Despite these reforms, challenges remain. Dr. Maida noted that one million Nigerian internet subscribers have exited the market due to the rising cost of data bundles. The number of internet users dropped from 142.16 million to 141.25 million in just one month. The NCC hopes that ongoing reforms will help restore consumer trust, attract investment, and improve service quality.

As the telecom sector continues to evolve, the focus remains on enhancing user experience, ensuring security, and promoting equitable access to services. With these initiatives in place, Nigeria is taking significant steps toward a more connected and transparent digital future.