Anemia: The Hidden Danger of Postpartum Fatigue for Mothers and Babies — Experts Warn

The Hidden Crisis of Postpartum Anaemia

When a woman gives birth, the immediate focus is often on the newborn and the mother’s ability to care for the baby. However, many women experience symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, and dizziness after childbirth, which are often dismissed as temporary or normal. These signs, however, can be indicators of a more serious condition—anaemia.

Many people, including family members and even healthcare professionals, overlook these symptoms. Women are frequently told that they will feel better once they return home, without considering the possibility of anaemia. This mindset leads to a lack of proper diagnosis and treatment, which can have long-term consequences for both the mother and her child.

At the 8th international and scientific conference of the Association of Fetomaternal Medicine Specialists of Nigeria (AFEMSON), experts highlighted the importance of addressing postpartum anaemia. Ms Chisom Chieme from the Centre for Clinical Trials, Research, and Implementation Science at the University of Lagos discussed how anaemia is often not considered a priority in the postnatal period. Common questions asked during check-ups include whether the baby is feeding well and if the mother is eating and sleeping adequately, but other symptoms like fatigue are frequently ignored.

Anaemia after childbirth is a significant cause of maternal morbidity, particularly in low-income countries. Untreated anaemia during pregnancy can lead to persistent anaemia post-delivery, affecting not only the mother's health but also her ability to care for the newborn. Professor Hadijat Raji, a consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, emphasized the far-reaching effects of this condition. Women with anaemia are at higher risk of postpartum depression, poor wound healing, and cognitive impairments in their babies.

The exhaustion caused by anaemia extends beyond physical tiredness. It can leave women unable to care for themselves, their newborns, or other children in the household. They may be misjudged as lazy, which makes it harder for them to seek help. This misunderstanding leads to silent suffering, as women struggle to breastfeed effectively due to their weakened state. As a result, milk production is compromised, and the quality of breast milk is affected due to lower iron levels in the body.

The impact of anaemia affects the entire family. A mother who is too exhausted to bond with her child may experience emotional and psychological challenges, which can affect the child's development and the overall family dynamic. Dr. Monsurat Aderolu, another consultant obstetrician, pointed out that addressing anaemia is crucial for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. With a high fertility rate and limited access to quality maternal care, effective interventions are essential.

Dr. Olawunmi Adamiloye shared findings from the IVON-PP study, which demonstrated that intravenous iron therapy, specifically ferric carboxymaltose, is more effective than oral iron supplements for treating moderate to severe anaemia. Unlike oral supplements, which require daily intake over a long period, a single intravenous dose can correct anaemia within minutes. This treatment is not only faster but also reduces the need for blood transfusions, making it a practical solution in real-world settings.

In addition, the side effects associated with oral iron supplements, such as black stools, headaches, and constipation, were less common with intravenous therapy. Professor Bosede Afolabi, director of the Centre for Clinical Trials, Research and Implementation Science, noted that intravenous iron therapy showed greater effectiveness in correcting both iron deficiency and anaemia at six weeks and six months post-delivery.

Addressing anaemia begins with early detection through blood tests. A safe delivery is just the first step; ensuring the mother's health after childbirth is equally important. By focusing on postnatal care, healthcare providers can improve the well-being of mothers and their families. Effective treatment of anaemia not only resolves immediate health issues but also contributes to long-term health outcomes.

In conclusion, postpartum anaemia is a critical issue that requires attention. Raising awareness, improving diagnostic practices, and implementing effective treatments are essential steps toward better maternal and child health.