Israel's 2-Year Gaza War: Key Achievements Revealed

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The October 7 Attack and Its Aftermath

The attack by Hamas on October 7, 2023, caught Israel off guard. That day, Hamas fighters and other militant groups breached Gaza's fortified border and launched an assault on Israel, resulting in the deaths of nearly 1,200 people and the capture of 251 hostages. This event marked a significant turning point for Israel, triggering a military campaign in Gaza that has had far-reaching consequences across the Middle East.

Since the attack, the situation in Gaza has deteriorated dramatically. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) have conducted operations that have resulted in at least 66,000 deaths, with an estimated 80% being civilians, according to conservative estimates from the Hamas-run Health Ministry of Gaza. International agencies suggest the actual death toll is much higher. Additionally, around 169,000 people have been injured. The destruction has been extensive, with 90% of homes in Gaza either destroyed or damaged, leading to the displacement of 1.9 million people out of a total population of 2.1 million.

The "total blockade" imposed by Israel has led to severe humanitarian crises, including acute famine. At least 450 people, including 150 children, have died due to this crisis.

Israel's War Aims and Outcomes

Following the October 7 attack, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu outlined two main objectives: the recovery of all hostages and the destruction of Hamas. Two years later, these goals remain unfulfilled. While 148 hostages have been returned to Israel, 48 are still held, with only 20 believed to be alive. Hamas, designated as a terrorist organization by several governments, continues to operate despite the loss of many of its fighters and key leaders, such as Ismail Haniyeh and Yahya Sinwar.

In late September 2025, former U.S. President Donald Trump proposed a 20-point peace plan for Gaza, which includes the release of all remaining hostages and the disarmament of Hamas. This plan would effectively end Hamas as an armed militia.

Regional Impact and Weakened Enemies

The conflict has not been confined to Gaza. Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen, both of which have expressed solidarity with Hamas, have also engaged in attacks against Israel. These groups receive support from Iran. In response, Israel has taken military action against them, including the assassination of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah and the targeting of Iranian nuclear facilities. The toppling of Syria’s longtime ruler, Bashar Assad, further weakened Iran’s regional influence.

Accusations of Genocide

Israel’s military actions in Gaza have drawn international condemnation. The bombing of hospitals, refugee camps, and schools has led to the deaths of thousands of women, children, and aid workers. Blocking aid deliveries has also been criticized, with accusations that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians. Independent UN human rights commissions and organizations like B'Tselem and Physicians for Human Rights have supported these claims. South Africa brought a case against Israel before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants against Netanyahu and his defense minister.

Recognition of Palestinian Statehood

The dire conditions in Gaza have spurred efforts to recognize an independent Palestinian state. Over 20 additional countries, including France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Australia, and Canada, have now formally recognized Palestine. This recognition supports a two-state solution, though Netanyahu argues it would reward Hamas.

Global Response and Sanctions

Numerous countries have halted arms exports to Israel in response to the ongoing conflict. Countries like Colombia, South Africa, and Malaysia have imposed sanctions. The European Union is considering punitive economic measures, including suspending the EU-Israel association agreement and restricting visa-free travel for Israelis. However, some EU members, including Germany, have resisted these measures.

Social Fragmentation in Israel

Opinions within Israel are divided on how to proceed with the war in Gaza. Far-right ministers advocate for continued military action and even the annexation of the occupied West Bank. Meanwhile, many citizens, including relatives of hostages and Arab Israelis, demand a ceasefire and a negotiated solution. Surveys indicate that over 60% of Israelis support a ceasefire.

If implemented, Trump’s plan could bring temporary peace, but the long-term scars of the conflict will likely persist for decades.

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