Sunglasses in Japan: Stigma or Style?

The Rising Popularity of Sunglasses in Japan

Sunglasses, typically viewed as a fashion accessory, are now being recognized for their role in protecting eye health in Japan. While they have gained some traction among outdoor workers, they remain uncommon even during the summer months. With increasing awareness about the dangers of UV rays, could sunglasses become a "must-have item" for daily outings?

Cultural Reluctance to Embrace Sunglasses

According to data from Meganetop Co., which operates "Megane Ichiba" stores, and "Gankyo DB" by Gankyo Publishing Co., an internet survey of over 40,000 people in the summer of 2024 revealed that only 12.1% owned sunglasses. This is significantly lower than the 60% to 80% ownership rates seen in Western countries, indicating that sunglasses are not yet widespread in Japan.

Professor Takuma Takehara of Doshisha University, who specializes in cognitive psychology, explains that there is a cultural resistance to wearing sunglasses in Japan. His research found that trustworthiness decreased by almost half when individuals wore sunglasses compared to when they did not. He notes that visibility of the eyes is crucial in communication, and blocking this can lead to feelings of disinterest or anxiety.

Takehara suggests that Japanese communication norms, which emphasize politeness and conformity, may not align well with the use of sunglasses. This cultural perspective has contributed to the reluctance to embrace them.

Changing Perceptions and New Trends

In recent years, there has been a shift in perception, especially with increased demand for protection against heat and UV rays. The trend of wearing sunglasses at work has expanded rapidly, particularly in industries that involve outdoor activities.

For example, in April 2024, the National Police Agency issued a directive encouraging police forces to adopt heat protection measures, leading to more officers wearing sunglasses while on duty. Rail companies like JR and delivery services have also started implementing similar policies.

Social media has played a significant role in promoting the benefits of sunglasses. Posts highlighting how they can reduce symptoms like eye fatigue and headaches have gone viral. Some users emphasized that sunglasses are not just for fashion but are necessary due to intense sunlight.

Meganetop reported a 1.2-fold increase in sales of colored lenses in July and August 2025 compared to the previous year. Similarly, Owndays Co. noted a 1.3-fold increase in sunglass sales between June and August, reflecting growing market demand.

Takehara also points out that the emergence of lighter lens colors and diverse designs is helping to dispel the "intimidating" image associated with traditional dark sunglasses.

Health Risks of UV Exposure

Prolonged exposure to UV rays can cause serious eye health issues. According to Hiroshi Sasaki, head professor at Kanazawa Medical University's Department of Ophthalmology, strong UV rays can cause "sunburn" of the eyes, leading to inflammation and redness of the cornea. In areas with higher UV levels, such as Okinawa, eye pain may occur.

UV levels increase by nearly 10% for every 1,000 meters of altitude. Sasaki emphasizes the importance of knowing high UV areas and taking precautions. While mild UV-related redness often resolves after a night's sleep, continuous exposure can lead to chronic conditions.

Specifically, prolonged exposure increases the risk of developing "pinguecula," a raised spot on the white of the eye, and "pterygium," where part of the white extends over the cornea. Pinguecula can lead to dry eyes, eye fatigue, and increased susceptibility to injury. If left untreated, it may progress to pterygium, which can worsen astigmatism or even lead to blindness without surgical intervention.

Accumulated UV damage is also known to increase the likelihood of developing cataracts in the future.

Effective Protection Strategies

Sunglasses are effective in protecting the eyes from UV rays, but there are some important considerations. Both sunglasses and eyeglasses with UV-cut functionality offer similar protection. However, wearing dark sunglasses can cause the pupils to dilate, potentially allowing more UV rays to reach the crystalline lens.

If there is a gap between the face and sunglasses, UV rays can enter through that opening. Therefore, it is advisable to choose sunglasses that fit well and minimize gaps, such as goggle types.

Sasaki explains that sunglasses that allow visibility of the eyes from the outside should not cause excessive pupil dilation. Covering the cornea can protect the eyes from UV risks, so wearing UV-cut contact lenses is most effective.

Additionally, it is recommended to take UV protection measures from a young age. An epidemiological survey conducted in Okinawa found that residents who grew up there had over five times the risk of developing pterygium or cataracts compared to those who moved there as adults.

There is no specific age to start taking precautions; it is important to continue taking them whenever possible. It is recommended to be cautious of UV rays from around March to October, with sunglasses advised from around 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. during outings.

Sasaki encourages schools to promote UV protection measures and for adults to wear sunglasses to encourage children to do the same. He hopes that everyone will make good use of sunglasses for the sake of their health.