Dhaka Faces 'Very Unhealthy' Air Crisis

Dhaka Faces Severe Air Quality Crisis

Dhaka, the densely populated capital of Bangladesh, has recently secured the second position on the list of cities with the most polluted air. On December 3, 2025, at 9:50 am, the city's Air Quality Index (AQI) reached a concerning score of 235. This level of pollution is classified as 'very unhealthy,' indicating a significant threat to public health.

The AQI is a critical tool used to measure and communicate the quality of air in urban areas. It provides information on how clean or polluted the air is and highlights potential health risks associated with it. The index considers several pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone. These pollutants contribute to the overall degradation of air quality, particularly in densely populated regions like Dhaka.

When the AQI falls between 50 and 100, the air quality is considered 'moderate.' Individuals who are sensitive to air pollution should limit prolonged outdoor activities during this period. If the AQI ranges from 101 to 150, the air is deemed 'unhealthy for sensitive groups.' At levels between 150 and 200, the air quality is categorized as 'unhealthy,' while values between 201 and 300 are labeled 'very unhealthy.' An AQI score above 300 is considered 'hazardous,' posing serious health risks to all residents.

On the same day, Delhi in India topped the list with an AQI of 283, followed by Lahore in Pakistan with 230, and Kolkata in India with 203. Dhaka's AQI of 235 places it just behind Lahore, highlighting the severity of its air quality crisis.

Long-Term Challenges of Air Pollution in Dhaka

Dhaka has long struggled with air pollution, particularly during the winter months when the air quality deteriorates significantly. During these periods, the concentration of harmful pollutants increases, leading to health concerns among the population. However, the situation tends to improve during the monsoon season when rain helps to wash away some of the pollutants from the atmosphere.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution is responsible for the deaths of approximately seven million people worldwide each year. This staggering number is primarily attributed to increased mortality rates from stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and acute respiratory infections. In cities like Dhaka, where air quality often reaches dangerous levels, the risk of these health conditions is significantly higher.

Impact on Public Health

The 'very unhealthy' air quality in Dhaka poses a serious threat to the health of its residents. Prolonged exposure to such polluted air can lead to a range of health issues, including respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and even premature death. Vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing medical conditions, are especially at risk.

Local authorities and health experts have repeatedly warned citizens about the dangers of air pollution and have urged them to take necessary precautions, such as limiting outdoor activities during peak pollution hours and using masks when necessary. However, the root causes of the problem, including industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and construction dust, continue to persist.

Call for Action

Addressing the issue of air pollution in Dhaka requires a multi-faceted approach involving government policies, public awareness campaigns, and community participation. Efforts must be made to reduce emissions from vehicles, enforce stricter regulations on industrial waste, and promote the use of cleaner energy sources. Additionally, investing in green spaces and improving urban planning can help mitigate the impact of air pollution on the city's environment.

As Dhaka continues to face severe air quality challenges, it is crucial for both local and international stakeholders to collaborate in finding sustainable solutions. Only through collective action can the city hope to improve its air quality and protect the health of its residents.